Patient care & Nursing

Clinical Nursing consists of nurses who are advanced practice registered nurses in the area of clinical expertise (pediatrics, geriatrics, women’s health, diabetes, oncology, psychiatric, rehabilitation, critical care and emergency room), holding a master’s or doctoral degree. Clinical nurse specialists may also work with research—translating research findings into patient care, evaluating research proposals, overseeing design of evidence-based practice studies, applying research results to practice, or coming up with new evidence-based standards and protocols. They work in supervisory roles and in administrative positions, and provide consulting services in their organization, while others work to improve health care systems. Apart from these, they work in management positions and may also develop or work with a team to develop policies and procedures.

Nursing Management includes case and disorders management with in the health care organization by taking all the employees working there. It also focused on patient admission and discharge criteria, especially for progressive care given to the patient. Nursing managing process guide the legal aspects of nomination, supervision and assignment the acceptance criterions. It encourages the employee to do more with fewer resources.

Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, illness, injuries and various physical and mental ailments in humans constitute healthcare. It is an important sector in promoting general, physical, mental health and well-being of people around the world. Healthcare is initiated by providing the primary, secondary, and tertiary care for the public health. The healthcare sectors are dedicated in providing healthcare services and products through group of trained and experienced professionals from interdisciplinary teams.

Each category of nursing courses will bring in specialized knowledge and skills to healthcare teams and workplaces. There are different types of Nursing like Registered Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Employed Student Nurse, and Licensed Graduate Nurse. Apart from these there are many more types of nursing specializations which can be done on a certification basis like, Cardiovascular Nursing, Emergency Nursing, Gastroenterology Nursing, Gerontological Nursing, Hospice Palliative Care Nursing, Oncology Nursing, Rehabilitation Nursing, and many more. All these are processed with a bachelor’s, masters and doctoral programs depending on the individual’s interest.

This statistical surveying report evaluates that the worldwide pancreatic malignancy medication business will be worth USD 1.2 billion by 2015. The worldwide oncology medications business is required to achieve at $111.9 billion by 2020. The report gives examination and estimates to the pancreatic disease market from 2012-2018. Enlisting a compound yearly development rate of 14.60% from 2011 to 2018, the business for oncology biomarkers was esteemed at $13.16 billion in 2011 and is required to be worth $29.78 billion in 2018. Cancer nursing is a care delivery system that supports professional nursing practice. Within Primary Nursing, a therapeutic relationship is established between a registered nurse and an individual patient and his or her family. Cancer nursing and oncology is the field of medicine that is devoted to cancer. Clinical oncology consists of three primary disciplines: Medical oncology, surgical oncology and radiation oncology. Globally there are 345 international and national cancer associations and 4 associations in Brazil.

There are 27.076 cardiologists in the USA. The 2012/13 National Heart Failure Audit recommends specialist care input for all people with heart failure. The figures show that for those who received no specialist input, mortality stood at 14.4 per cent, whilst for those who did receive specialist input, the mortality rate was just 7.5 per cent. Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of death in the United States, killing nearly 787,000 people alone in 2011.Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial/ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, Hispanics and Whites. For Asian Americans or Pacific Islanders and American Indians or Alaska Natives, heart disease is second only to cancer. Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease, killing nearly 380,000 people annually.

It is a specialty nursing field, where nurses attend individuals suffering with various problems in the cardiovascular system and heart diseases. The cardiac nurses work in many different environments, including coronary care units (CCU), cardiac catheterization, intensive care units (ICU), operating theatres, cardiac rehabilitation centers, clinical research, cardiac surgery wards, cardiovascular intensive care units (CVICU), and cardiac medical wards. Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support are the certifications, the associated nurses should be certified with, and they should be registered nurses. Wide varieties of patients from children to the elderly are helped in surgical or ambulatory settings.

A pediatric should have be a registered person, who successfully completed a recognized course of study and practice experience in the nursing care of infants, children and adolescents. They assess, plan and provide nursing care and needs for children who are suffering from a wide variety of conditions including diseases, illnesses and who are recovering from surgery, taking into account their medical, social, cultural and family circumstances. Being able to communicate appropriately with children, parents/guardians are their key role apart from working in conjunction with other healthcare professionals. Pediatric Nurses provide care to infants, children and adolescents. There are 5 Pediatric nursing associations in USA and 1 in South America. Pediatric nurses care for and support children and young people and work alongside their families in conjunction with other healthcare professionals.

Midwives are well suited, trained health professional to provide prenatal care during labor and birth and care after birth. They have additional training and credentials for childbirth education, breastfeeding consultation, and/or doula care. Midwives deliver babies at the hospitals or home depending on the customer’s expectation and severity of the pregnant women. Apart from providing care to women during pregnancy, birth, and postpartum period, they may also provide primary care related to reproductive health, including annual gynecological exams, family planning, and menopausal care. They are specialists in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, and well-woman health care. A nurse midwife is an advanced practice registered nurse who has specialized education and training in midwifery. In the countries where exists, they are considered a type of midwife. Midwife means "with woman" and thus is the mantra for the American College of Nurse-Midwife, "With women for a lifetime. “There is midwifery association in South America and 12 in North America and 4 in USA.

Surgery is medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition to help improve bodily function and repair unwanted ruptured areas. Surgery is a technology consisting of a physical intervention on tissues, and muscle. Total number of procedures performed all over the world is approximately 234 million. The annual revenue of surgical procedures can be approximated to USD 1676.66 million. The global surgical market reached $385.5 million in 2012 and $419.7 million in 2013. This market is expected to grow to $631.9 million in 2018, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.7% from 2013 to 2018.

Dental care is important to prevent dental disease and to maintain proper dental and oral health. Oral problems, including dental and periodontal infections, dry mouth, tooth decay, are all treatable with proper diagnosis and care. Over one third of the US population (100 million people) has no access to community water fluoridation which causes serious oral health problems. Over 108 million children and adults lack dental insurance, which is over 2.5 times of the number who lacks medical insurance. American dental attains greater significance as it has taken the concepts of promoting oral health, and preventing oral diseases.  The significant role that dentists, dental hygienists, scientists, and other health professionals of Dental events  will leads to the: safe and effective disease prevention measures exist that everyone can adopt to improve oral health and prevent disease.

The global market for medical nutrition is growing at a steady rate worldwide. The Global Baby Food & Pediatric Nutrition Market in 2011 is estimated be worth USD 38,180.9 million growing with a CAGR of 7.97% during 2007 – 2011 from USD 28,100.0 million in 2007. The Market is estimated to be worth USD 41,521.7 million in 2012 and is forecasted to reach USD 63,681.0 million in 2017. Asia Pacific is expected to account for the largest share of revenue – i.e. 40.20% - of the Global Baby Food & Pediatric Nutrition Market revenue at USD 16,692.5 million in 2012. The segment is further expected to reach USD 30,149.1 million in 2017 with a CAGR of 12.55% during 2012 – 2017. The region is also expected to account for largest share of volume – i.e. 37.82% - of the Global Baby Food & Pediatric Nutrition Market Volume at 1,223.9 thousand tons in 2012. The segment is expected to reach 1,846.3 thousand tons in 2017 with a CAGR of 8.57% during 2012 – 2017. The segment is also expected to have the highest growth rate during the same period.

Nutrition is a science of food and nutrients in body growth, development, maintenance, and its relationship to health. Good supplements of nutrients such as such as proteins, vitamins and minerals form rich nutritional status, which in turn enable us to grow well and enjoy good health. Carbohydrates and fat are good energy yielding foods and they contribute to metabolism and energy requirements. Consumption of nutrients for a better health is available in the form of plant and animal origin. There are body building, energy giving and protective foods which supply ample amount of nutrients and health.

The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) represents nearly 16,000 highly trained professionals in more than 100 countries who provide care in specialized units and work toward the best outcome possible for all critically ill and injured patients. Annual critical care medicine costs increased from $56.6 to $81.7 billion, representing 13.4% of hospital costs, 4.1% of national health expenditures, and 0.66% of gross domestic product. Cost savings up to $1 billion per quality-adjusted life year can be attained with critical care management of severe sepsis, acute respiratory failure, and general critical care interventions. Twenty-four–hour intensives staffing reduces ICU costs and length of stay. Up to $13 million in annual hospital cost savings can be realized when care is delivered by an intensives-directed multi professional team.

Critical Care Nurses use their specialized skills as well as their in-depth knowledge of the human body and the latest technology in the field, to make sure that all critically ill patients get optimal care for their illnesses and injuries. They are specialized in treating adults, children and babies. Emergency nurses are endowed with specific knowledge, skills and attributes to provide care to critically ill or unstable patients and their families. They are well prepared to tackle life-threating problems and complex situations in extreme environments. Their activities are carried out in a variety of settings and not necessarily in an emergency room.

The present deficiency crested in late 2001 when normal national clinic Registered nurses opening rates were assessed at 13% and clinics reported 126,000 unfilled full-time proportionate Registered nurses positions. Albeit national opening rates dropped to an expected 8.5% in late 2005, numerous doctors’ facilities keep on battling with deficiencies of RNs. Indeed, free national arbitrary example studies directed in 2004 and 2005 found that a larger part of Registered nurses  (82%), doctors (81%), clinic CEOs (68%), and boss nursing officers (74%) apparent a nursing deficiency in the doctor's facilities where they conceded patients or were utilized.

Women health nursing is a about Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP), is a nurse who is specialized in advanced education and clinical experience in women health care. The nurses’ delivery comprehensive health care to women throughout lifespan, with an emphasis on reproductive and gynecologic health needs. A WHNP individual takes on leadership roles as primary care providers for women and provides focused care in areas like, prenatal and postpartum care, lifespan care through menopause, general wellness and preventive care, reproductive health care, etc.

The Goal of Disaster nursing is ensuring that the highest achievable level of care is delivered through identifying, advocating, and caring for all impacted populations throughout all phases of a disaster event, including active participation in all levels of disaster planning and preparedness. From the work of Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War to the recent care provided by nurses in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Asian tsunami of 2004, nurses historically are linked to the provision of care during crises.

Nursing practitioners are registered nursing specialists who are well trained and educated to promote and maintain the health through diagnosis and treatment. They should have knowledge based skill and decision making to provide improved healthcare. Nurses are considered as primary healthcare providers as they are originally provide a need of patient care.